{"id":12979,"date":"2025-09-09T02:14:13","date_gmt":"2025-09-09T02:14:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tenessy.com\/?p=12979"},"modified":"2025-09-09T06:50:52","modified_gmt":"2025-09-09T06:50:52","slug":"analysis-of-the-application-of-cellulose-ether-in-gypsum-plaster-mortar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tenessy.com\/cs\/analyza-pouziti-celulozoveho-eteru-v-sadrove-malte\/","title":{"rendered":"Anal\u00fdza pou\u017eit\u00ed celul\u00f3zov\u00e9ho \u00e9teru v s\u00e1drov\u00e9 malt\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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A\u010dkoli \u00e9ter celul\u00f3zy<\/a> se p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 pouze 0,1%-0,5% (z celkov\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed such\u00e9ho pr\u00e1\u0161ku) do s\u00e1drov\u00e1 malta<\/a> je kl\u00ed\u010dovou funk\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsadou, kter\u00e1 ur\u010duje \"zpracovatelnost\" a \"v\u00fdkon\" malty. Jej\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli lze vid\u011bt ve t\u0159ech dimenz\u00edch: zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vody, zpracovatelnost a odolnost proti trhlin\u00e1m. Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed logika pou\u017eit\u00ed je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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1. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkce: \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed \"bolestiv\u00fdch m\u00edst\" s\u00e1drov\u00e9 malty<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed materi\u00e1l s\u00e1drov\u00e9 malty (stavebn\u00ed s\u00e1dra) m\u00e1 p\u0159irozen\u00e9 vlastnosti rychl\u00e9ho tuhnut\u00ed a \u0161patn\u00e9 zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vody. Bez p\u0159\u00eddavku \u00e9teru celul\u00f3zy je malta n\u00e1chyln\u00e1 k rychl\u00fdm ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m vody b\u011bhem v\u00fdstavby, co\u017e vede k probl\u00e9m\u016fm, jako je \"p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychl\u00e9 tvrdnut\u00ed a obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 rovnom\u011brn\u00e9 rozt\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed\" a \"\u0161patn\u00e1 p\u0159ilnavost k podkladn\u00ed vrstv\u011b, co\u017e vede k vydrolov\u00e1n\u00ed a rozpad\u00e1n\u00ed\". Celul\u00f3zov\u00fd \u00e9ter d\u00edky sv\u00e9 molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed struktu\u0159e tyto nedostatky p\u0159esn\u011b \u0159e\u0161\u00ed:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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2. Siln\u00e9 zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vody: Prodlu\u017euje pracovn\u00ed dobu a zaji\u0161\u0165uje hydrata\u010dn\u00ed reakci<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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3. Lep\u0161\u00ed zpracovatelnost: Snadno se nan\u00e1\u0161\u00ed a zabra\u0148uje sesed\u00e1n\u00ed malty.<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Hydroxylov\u00e9 skupiny na molekulov\u00e9m \u0159et\u011bzci \u00e9teru celul\u00f3zy vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed vod\u00edkov\u00e9 vazby s molekulami vody a odstra\u0148uj\u00ed vlhkost z malty. \"Uzamyk\u00e1\" vlhkost a zpomaluje jej\u00ed pronik\u00e1n\u00ed do podkladu (nap\u0159. betonov\u00fdch a cihlov\u00fdch zd\u00ed).<\/p>

Praktick\u00e1 hodnota: Doba otev\u0159enosti b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 s\u00e1drov\u00e9 malty p\u0159i stavb\u011b je pouze asi 30 minut. P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed celul\u00f3zy<\/a> \u00e9teru lze tuto dobu prodlou\u017eit na 60-90 minut, co\u017e p\u0159i om\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch ploch spl\u0148uje po\u017eadavky na dobu \"m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159epravy a nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed\". Dostate\u010dn\u00e1 vlhkost nav\u00edc umo\u017e\u0148uje s\u00e1d\u0159e pln\u011b hydratovat (vznik\u00e1 dihydr\u00e1t s\u00e1dry), \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zabr\u00e1n\u00ed nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 hydrataci, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 pevnosti malty a brou\u0161en\u00ed povrchu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Celul\u00f3zov\u00fd \u00e9ter zvy\u0161uje viskozitu a v\u00fdt\u011b\u017enost malty, dod\u00e1v\u00e1 j\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed zpracovatelnost a tixotropii.<\/p>

P\u0159i aplikaci malta snadno p\u0159ilne k hlad\u00edtku a je m\u00e9n\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee odpadne. Rozt\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed klade minim\u00e1ln\u00ed odpor, co\u017e sni\u017euje n\u00e1mahu pracovn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>

P\u0159i svisl\u00e9m nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed (nap\u0159. p\u0159i om\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed st\u011bn) se malta pod vlastn\u00ed vahou neposouv\u00e1 ani neproh\u00fdb\u00e1, \u010d\u00edm\u017e udr\u017euje st\u00e1lou tlou\u0161\u0165ku om\u00edtky (vhodn\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na pro siln\u00e9 vrstvy 20-30 mm), co\u017e sni\u017euje n\u00e1roky na n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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4. Vylep\u0161en\u00e1 odolnost proti prasklin\u00e1m: Sni\u017euje trhliny zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 smr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159i vysych\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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S\u00e1drov\u00e1 malta se v d\u016fsledku odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed vody b\u011bhem tvrdnut\u00ed objemov\u011b smr\u0161\u0165uje, tak\u017ee je n\u00e1chyln\u00e1 ke vzniku drobn\u00fdch trhlin. Celul\u00f3zov\u00e9 \u00e9tery tento probl\u00e9m zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00ed dv\u011bma zp\u016fsoby:<\/p>

Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b, jejich schopnost zadr\u017eovat vodu umo\u017e\u0148uje pomal\u00e9 odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed vlhkosti z malty.<\/a>, co\u017e zabra\u0148uje nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9mu smr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9mu rychlou ztr\u00e1tou vody.<\/p>

Na druhou stranu molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzce ether\u016f celul\u00f3zy vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v malt\u011b \"pru\u017enou s\u00ed\u0165\", kter\u00e1 rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 smr\u0161\u0165ovac\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed a sni\u017euje pravd\u011bpodobnost vzniku trhlin. Jsou vhodn\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na pro om\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed v such\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed nebo na st\u011bn\u00e1ch s velk\u00fdm rozp\u011bt\u00edm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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II. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body aplikace: V\u00fdb\u011br \u010d\u00e1stky a typu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00da\u010dinnost ether\u016f celul\u00f3zy vy\u017eaduje \"p\u0159esn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br a vhodn\u00e9 p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed\". Slep\u00e9 \u00fapravy mohou snadno v\u00e9st k odchylk\u00e1m ve v\u00fdkonu.<\/p>

V\u00fdb\u011br typu: Hydroxypropylmethylcelul\u00f3za (HPMC)<\/a> je up\u0159ednost\u0148ov\u00e1na.<\/p>

HPMC je nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm celul\u00f3zov\u00fdm \u00e9terem v s\u00e1drov\u00fdch malt\u00e1ch, proto\u017ee v sob\u011b spojuje vysok\u00e1 retence vody<\/a> se st\u0159edn\u011b siln\u00fdmi zahu\u0161\u0165ovac\u00edmi vlastnostmi. M\u00e1 tak\u00e9 dobrou sn\u00e1\u0161enlivost se s\u00e1drou a neovliv\u0148uje rychlost tuhnut\u00ed a tvrdnut\u00ed s\u00e1dry (n\u011bkter\u00e9 jin\u00e9 typy \u00e9ter\u016f celul\u00f3zy mohou tuhnut\u00ed zpomalovat).<\/p>

Pokyny: (n\u00edzk\u00e1 viskozita vede k nedostate\u010dn\u00e9mu zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vody, zat\u00edmco vysok\u00e1 viskozita m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 hust\u00e9 malt\u011b a \u0161patn\u00e9 povrchov\u00e9 \u00faprav\u011b).<\/p>

Dal\u0161\u00ed d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed: 0,15%-0,3% je optim\u00e1ln\u00ed rozsah.<\/p>

Minim\u00e1ln\u011b: Pod 0,15% bude m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek nedostate\u010dnou retenci vody, n\u00e1chylnost k dutin\u00e1m a n\u00edzkou pevnost malty.<\/p>

Maxim\u00e1ln\u011b: P\u0159i p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed hodnoty 0,3% vznik\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 hust\u00e1 malta, kter\u00e1 snadno vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed bubliny b\u011bhem m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed. Tyto bubliny po vytvrzen\u00ed praskaj\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed mal\u00e9 p\u00f3ry, co\u017e ovliv\u0148uje hladkost a pevnost povrchu. Nadm\u011brn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed etheru celul\u00f3zy m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsobit, \u017ee malta bude po zaschnut\u00ed vypadat jako pr\u00e1\u0161kovit\u00e1.<\/p>

\u00dapravy pro zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159: Pokud je podkladov\u00e1 vrstva vysoce nas\u00e1kav\u00e1 (nap\u0159. por\u00e9zn\u00ed cihlov\u00e9 zdi), lze d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161it na 0,3%-0,4%, aby se zv\u00fd\u0161ila retence vody. U tenkovrstv\u00fdch om\u00edtek (\u2264 10 mm) lze d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eit na 0,15%-0,2%, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu zahu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed malty, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uje hladkost.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u2162.Tabulka vzorc\u016f pro maltu na b\u00e1zi s\u00e1dry<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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N\u00e1zev suroviny<\/p><\/td>

Funkce<\/p><\/td>

Referen\u010dn\u00ed rozsah d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed (kg)<\/p><\/td>

Pozn\u00e1mky<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Stavebn\u00ed s\u00e1dra v pr\u00e1\u0161ku<\/p><\/td>

Cementov\u00fd materi\u00e1l<\/p><\/td>

1000<\/p><\/td>

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed surovina. Mus\u00ed b\u00fdt potvrzena jej\u00ed t\u0159\u00edda (nap\u0159. pevnost v ohybu \u2265 2,5 MPa), doba tuhnut\u00ed (po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed tuhnut\u00ed \u2265 60 min) a dvouhodinov\u00e1 pevnost v ohybu a tlaku.<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Vysoce kvalitn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed p\u00edsek<\/p><\/td>

Agreg\u00e1t<\/p><\/td>

1200 – 1500<\/p><\/td>

Doporu\u010duje se velikost \u010d\u00e1stic 0,1-0,6 mm a obsah bahna < 1%. Pom\u011br p\u00edsku a s\u00e1dry ur\u010duje pevnost a zpracovatelnost malty.<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Hydroxypropylmethylcelul\u00f3za (HPMC)<\/p><\/td>

Zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vody, zahu\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p><\/td>

2.0 – 3.5<\/p><\/td>

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsada. B\u011b\u017en\u00e1 viskozita: 40000-60000 mPa\u30fbs. Zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee malta neztr\u00e1c\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychle vodu a poskytuje dobrou zpracovatelnost.<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Retard\u00e9r<\/p><\/td>

Nastaven\u00ed doby nastaven\u00ed<\/p><\/td>

1.0 – 3.0<\/p><\/td>

B\u011b\u017en\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed retard\u00e9ry na b\u00e1zi b\u00edlkovin nebo kyseliny citronov\u00e9. Mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159esn\u011b nastaven podle po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed doby tuhnut\u00ed s\u00e1drov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1\u0161ku a okoln\u00ed teploty.<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Redispergovateln\u00fd polymern\u00ed pr\u00e1\u0161ek<\/p><\/td>

Zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pevnosti spoje, soudr\u017enosti<\/p><\/td>

4.0 – 8.0<\/p><\/td>

Zlep\u0161uje hou\u017eevnatost, sni\u017euje dutinkovitost a prask\u00e1n\u00ed a zvy\u0161uje mo\u017enost op\u011btovn\u00e9ho pou\u017eit\u00ed opadan\u00e9 malty. D\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed se upravuje podle n\u00e1klad\u016f a po\u017eadavk\u016f.<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

\u0160krobov\u00fd \u00e9ter<\/p><\/td>

Proti ochabov\u00e1n\u00ed, zahu\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p><\/td>

0.3 – 0.8<\/p><\/td>

Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se hlavn\u011b v mechanick\u00fdch st\u0159\u00edkac\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpravc\u00edch, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo odlepov\u00e1n\u00ed malty od st\u011bny a zlep\u0161il se cit pro ruce.<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Prost\u0159edek pro v\u00fdcvik vzduchu<\/p><\/td>

P\u0159edstaven\u00ed mikrobublin<\/p><\/td>

0.1 – 0.5<\/p><\/td>

P\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 se ve velmi mal\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed, zlep\u0161uje hladkost konstrukce a sni\u017euje hustotu, ale sni\u017euje pevnost, tak\u017ee se mus\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat opatrn\u011b.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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IV. Pozn\u00e1mky:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Synergie s dal\u0161\u00edmi aditivy<\/p>

V s\u00e1drov\u00fdch malt\u00e1ch se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed retard\u00e9ry (nap\u0159. citr\u00e1t sodn\u00fd) a l\u00e1tky zadr\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed vodu (nap\u0159. \u0161krobov\u00fd \u00e9ter). Zva\u017ete kompatibilitu \u00e9teru celul\u00f3zy s t\u011bmito l\u00e1tkami:<\/p>

Vyhn\u011bte se nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed se siln\u00fdmi zpomalova\u010di, proto\u017ee to m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k prodlou\u017een\u00ed tuhnut\u00ed malty (nad 12 hodin), co\u017e ovlivn\u00ed harmonogram v\u00fdstavby.<\/p>

Pokud se p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0161krobov\u00fd \u00e9ter (kv\u016fli zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vody), m\u011bla by se d\u00e1vka celul\u00f3zov\u00e9ho \u00e9teru p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit (nap\u0159. z 0,2% na 0,15%), aby se zabr\u00e1nilo nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vody, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k pomal\u00e9mu vysych\u00e1n\u00ed a tvorb\u011b pl\u00edsn\u00ed v malt\u011b.<\/p>

Po\u017eadavky na m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed a skladov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>

P\u0159i m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed by se m\u011bl ether celul\u00f3zy p\u0159ed p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm vody d\u016fkladn\u011b prom\u00edchat se such\u00fdm kamenivem (nap\u0159. k\u0159emenn\u00fdm p\u00edskem). T\u00edm by se m\u011blo zabr\u00e1nit p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9mu kontaktu celul\u00f3zov\u00e9ho \u00e9teru s vodou, tvorb\u011b hrudek a ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed disperze.<\/p>

B\u011bhem skladov\u00e1n\u00ed celul\u00f3zov\u00fd \u00e9ter snadno absorbuje vlhkost a shlukuje se. M\u011bl by b\u00fdt skladov\u00e1n v uzav\u0159en\u00e9m, such\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 hrudky by se m\u011bly p\u0159ed pou\u017eit\u00edm rozdrtit a p\u0159es\u00edt. V opa\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt koncentrace \u00e9teru celul\u00f3zy v malt\u011b p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek oblasti s nadm\u011brnou hustotou a nedostate\u010dnou retenc\u00ed vody.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159esto\u017ee se do s\u00e1drov\u00e9 malty p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 pouze 0,1%-0,5% (z celkov\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed such\u00e9ho pr\u00e1\u0161ku), jedn\u00e1 se o kl\u00ed\u010dovou funk\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsadu, kter\u00e1 ur\u010duje \"zpracovatelnost\" a \"v\u00fdkon\" malty. Jej\u00ed hlavn\u00ed \u00falohu lze vid\u011bt ve t\u0159ech dimenz\u00edch: zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vody, zpracovatelnost a odolnost proti vzniku trhlin. Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed logika pou\u017eit\u00ed je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed: 1. [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11499,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12979","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-product-news"],"yoast_head":"\nAnalysis of the Application of Cellulose Ether in Gypsum Plaster Mortar - HPMC|HEMC|HEC|RDP Manufacturer-TENESSY<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn more about the formulation and application of HPMC in gypsum plaster mortar systems\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tenessy.com\/cs\/analyza-pouziti-celulozoveho-eteru-v-sadrove-malte\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Analysis of the Application of Cellulose Ether in Gypsum Plaster Mortar - 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